Selective Radioprotection of Normal Tissues by Nanoparticles: Antioxidants as Radioprotectors, Radiation's Negative Effects, and New Approaches to Radioprotection

Abstract

Ionising radiation is used in radiation therapy to destroy cancer cells; nevertheless, there are negative side effects to this treatment. The harmful effects of radiation on healthy tissue can be mitigated with the use of some radioprotective medications. Multifunctional nanoparticles have recently gained a lot of attention due to the growing interest in nanotechnology in the biological sciences. These particles serve multiple purposes, including improving molecular radioprotective drugs through improved drug delivery systems and opening up new avenues for the development of radioprotective agents, as some nanoparticles already have these properties. When used to the medical field, nanotechnology is known as nanomedicine. In its most fundamental form, nanomedicine refers to two ideas. On the one hand, it's described as a field that applies molecular tools and human body knowledge to medical diagnosis and treatment. On the other hand, it's described as the application of physical effects on nanoscale objects at the interface of the molecular and macroscopic worlds, where quantum mechanics is taken for granted. The late Nobel laureate physicist Richard P. Feynman was the first to express his vision for the numerous medical uses of nanotechnology; he foresaw the implantation of microscopic surgical robots. By bringing together nanotechnology and biology, we can solve many biomedical problems and transform healthcare, as the vast majority of natural processes occur at the nanoscale. Nanoscale inorganic and organic particles can be biologically modified to serve as a sensor, imaging tool, gene delivery system, artificial implant, targeted drug delivery, and other medical applications.