GC/MS Technique for Bioactive Metabolites Analysis of Capsicum frutescens and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant [Superoxide, Nitric Oxide Radical Scavenging] and Antifungal of Four Different Yeast and Fungi

Abstract

Background: Despite the fact most of the medicinal plants can be associated with low
mortality, they can lead to severe morbidity such as stunted physical and mental growth, among children
when used in treatment of gastrointestinal diseases such as diarrhoea. Native Americans used capsicum
fruits for various conditions for centuries and the identification of bioactive compounds in these fruits
vindicates this practice. Finding among Capsicum frutescens, our study sought to establish if the plant had
antifungal or antioxidant properties on the basis of its bioactive metabolites.
Methods: The fruits were first washed and then put in an oven at a temperature of 60◦C for 48 hours until
dried. They were then left to cool and later on a fine powder was made from it. The aqueous extract was
obtained after boiling 100mL distilled water with 10g powder at 15 minutes. The preparation of a sample
in a heated injector block and then ongoing on the head of a chromatographic column packed with a non-
volatile liquid phase is the technique called gas chromatography. The inhibitory zone diameter, in
millimeters (mm), is applied as a factor for the evaluation of the result of antifungal efficiency of the
phenolic extracts.
Results: Altogether, GC–MS revealed that Juniperus communis contains more than nineteen wished
natural and helpful secondary metabolites. This paper describes the anti-fungal and anti-yeast actions of
conventional antibiotics and three different ethanolic, methanolic, and ethyle acetate extracts of Juniperus
communis fruits. Phytophthora infestans (16.09 ± 0.19, 13.26 ± 0.15, and 21.19 ± 0.24 respectively), P.
oryzae (20.07 ± 0.23, 13.03 ± 0.15, and 23.11 ± 0.28 respectively), Microsporum canis (19.08 ± 0.22,
15.37 ± 0.18, and 23.94 ± 0.28 respectively), and C. glabrata (13.83 ± 0.15, 21.19 ± 0.24, and 18.01 ±
0.21 respectively). Posaconazole (PCZ) and Voriconazole (VCZ) as standard anti-fungal activity were
(24.09 ± 0.29 and 29.36 ± 0.38) respectively. Capsicum frutescens metabolites was very highly active
against Microsporum canis (23.94 ± 0.28). Antioxidant activity (Superoxide radical scavenging and
Nitric oxide radical scavenging) of (methanol, Ethyl acetate, Ethanol extract and standards) of Capsicum
frutescens. recorded 19.60 ± 1.01, 23.76 ± 1.30, 26.36 ± 1.39 and Quercetin (standard) 39.82 ± 2.07
respectively of Superoxide radical scavenging. 35.00±2.08, 46.51±2.93, 30.28±2.67 and Curcumin
(standard) 83.12±4.07 respectively of Nitric oxide radical scavenging
Conclusion: Bell pepper extracts, like Capsicum frutescens, have antifungal properties against a few
fungal infections that cause food poisoning. There were determined to be biologically active substances,
including alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and sterols. As a result, Capsicum fruits could be used in
food and medicine as a natural antibiotic. This article provides insight into pepper's use and supports the
use of Capsicum fruit extracts for antifungal activity. The scientific basis for pepper's usage in cooking
and traditional medicine should be strengthened by these findings.