Acute Coronary Syndrome in Type 2 Diabetes: Clinical Presentation, Risk Factor Burden, and Gender Disparities in an Iraqi Cohort
Keywords:
Acute Coronary Syndrome, Type 2 DiabetesAbstract
Objective: To characterize the clinical presentation of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Iraqi patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and evaluate gender-specific risk factor profiles.
Methods: A hospital-based case series of 105 T2DM patients admitted with ACS to Ibn Sina Teaching Hospital, Mosul (between April 2023–February 2024). Data included demographics, risk factors, ECG, echocardiography, and lipid profiles. Patients were categorized into ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or non-ST-segment elevation MI/unstable angina (NSTEMI/UA).
Results: STEMI predominated (61.0%, n=64). Females exhibited higher rates of hypertension (63.6% vs. 14.8%), dyslipidemia (86.4% vs. 42.6%), and obesity (59.1% vs. 27.9%) (p<0.001). Heart failure was more frequent in NSTEMI/UA (43.9% vs. 23.1%, p=0.019). Over 50% presented without prior ischemic heart disease.
Conclusions: Iraqi T2DM patients with ACS frequently present with STEMI and extensive ischemia, particularly women with clustered metabolic risks. Gender-tailored prevention and regional screening programs are urgently needed.
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