Human Disease Metabolism Research Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics
Keywords:
Metabolism, NMR-Based Metabolomics, Human DiseaseAbstract
A new use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has emerged in the field of biological samples: NMR-based metabolomics. This technique expands the traditional use of NMR for molecular structure elucidation. But NMR is just as useful in other fields of small molecule biology. Some examples of these methods include quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) for metabolite quantification, stable isotope tracers for drug or nutrient metabolic fate determination, metabolic pathway unraveling and flux analysis, and metabolite-protein interactions for pharmacological effect and regulation understanding. Computational resources and technologies for automating biochemical information extraction from spectra have evolved in parallel, adding depth to our knowledge of systems biochemistry. Saliva, urine, and perspiration have been utilized for medical diagnosis since ancient times. Many conventional medical procedures still rely on the volume, color, and odor of bodily fluids to assess health and diagnose disease. Biomarkers for many diseases have been found thanks to analytical methods that allow for the thorough examination of bodily fluids. A recent interdisciplinary effort has integrated multivariate statistical methods, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS) to profile alterations in small molecules linked to the development and advancement of human diseases. By analyzing the current and future directions of NMR spectroscopy, this study emphasizes the role of NMR in metabolic studies and small molecule biochemistry more generally.
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