Head and Neck Cancer (HNC), Adaptive Radiotherapy, Proton Radiotherapy and Radiation Toxicity: Cellular and Cancer Response to Radiation

Authors

  • Sabreen Abbas Marzooq University of Karbala, College of Science, Department of Biology, Iraq
  • Mohammed Hamed Sadaa University of Technology, Department of Applied Sciences, Biotechnology, Iraq
  • Amena Thamer Ahmed University of technology, Applied Sciences , Biotechnology, Iraq
  • Mustafa Khamees Fahad University of Anbar, College of applied science, Department of Biophysics, Iraq

Keywords:

Head and neck cancer, Adaptive Radiotherapy, Proton Radiotherapy, Radiation Toxicity

Abstract

At more than half a million cases reported yearly, head and neck cancer (HNC) is one of the most prevalent types. Ninety percent of the cases are oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Over the last few decades, radiation, surgical resection, or both have been applied.1,2 In the United States, the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results data indicated that radiotherapy is often one of the main cancer therapies. For cancer patients, radiotherapy enhances their clinical, form, and functional results. Nowadays, radiotherapy will help about 75% of head and neck cancer (SCC) patients, either as a main or adjunctive treatment following surgical resection. Early on in the course of cancer, radiation can take the role of surgical resection. Patients with advanced local cancer can get concurrent treatment with chemotherapy or with surgical removal followed by adjuvant radiation. One of the radiation techniques utilised in the operation is to preserve the organs, such as chemoradiotherapy to prevent laryngectomy. This paper aimed to summarise the evolution of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer with various caused toxicity and their management. Late in the 19th century, ionised radiation was first used to treat cancer. On November 30, 1895, Roentgen made the discovery of the x-ray, which launched the fields of radiology and radiation oncology. Following that, in 1896 Grubbe became the first to use a sheet as a protective covering, to use x-rays therapeutically, to suffer from x-ray dermatitis, and to assert that radiation might cure cancer patients. Glver Lyon proposed the possibility of bactericidal effects of the radiation that same year. But before the development of antibiotics, steroids, and chemotherapeutic drugs, radiation was used to help the resolution of inflammation for both bacterial and non-bacterial infections. In 1902, after multiple field tests, it was determined that the radiation had no bactericidal effects.

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Published

2024-05-19

How to Cite

Marzooq, S. A., Hamed Sadaa, M., Ahmed, A. T., & Fahad, M. K. (2024). Head and Neck Cancer (HNC), Adaptive Radiotherapy, Proton Radiotherapy and Radiation Toxicity: Cellular and Cancer Response to Radiation. Current Clinical and Medical Education, 2(05), 205–211. Retrieved from https://www.visionpublisher.info/index.php/ccme/article/view/90

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